Fluorescent jellyfish proteins light up unconventional laser

By Emily Benson

Safer lasers to map your cells could soon be in the offing – all thanks to the humble jellyfish.

Conventional lasers, like the pointer you might use to entertain your cat, produce light by emitting identical photons after they have bounced around inside a cavity. But scaling these up requires lots of energy.

Another type of laser – called a polariton laser – works by passing photons back and forth between excited molecules. Unlike in conventional lasers, the photons are released and reabsorbed within the device itself before zooming out as laser light.  These can use less energy than conventional lasers, so in theory could lead to more efficient optical communications or medical lasers that are less destructive to living tissue.

But there’s a problem: most polariton lasers only work well at extremely low temperatures. Switching the light-producing molecules to ones that operate at room temperature could make them more practical, says Malte Gatherat the University of St. Andrews, UK. But the few materials that work at room temperature have light-emitting molecules that sit too close together, interfering with one another instead of producing laser light.

So Gather turned to an unusual solution: barrel-shaped fluorescent proteins engineered from jellyfish DNA. Each protein’s cylindrical shell encloses a component that emits light, and keeps those molecules from getting too cosy and interfering with one another.

“To me it looked like something that could be useful,” says Gather. Previously, his team had built a moreconventional laser out of green fluorescent protein, but had never built a protein-based polariton laser.

To build their laser, Gather and his colleagues sandwiched a thin film of the fluorescent protein between two mirrors. Activating the light-emitting molecules with a pulse of blue light from an external laser successfully coaxed laser light from the proteins.

The laser might someday go back to its biological roots – it could be embedded within cells and used like a beacon to mark and track them by doctors or researchers.

Fluorescent proteins can already be embedded inside living tissue for this reason, but they emit such a broad range of wavelengths that they can differentiate fewer than 10 cell types. Because a laser emits such a narrow spectrum of light, fluorescent protein lasers could be used to mark thousands of different cells. And a fluorescent protein laser would be safer than embedding lasers with conventional semiconductors, which can be poisonous.

Living laser label

“You label each cell with a different laser, and then you just collect this light,” says Gather. “You can look at the wavelengths of the light and say, ‘Aha, this is this cell, because the laser light it emits has this particular wavelength’.”

The low energy requirements of the laser would be beneficial, too, he says. “If you work in living tissue, you don’t want to strain the tissue or the cells with too much energy.”

There are a few more challenges to overcome before the jellyfish-based laser is ready for everyday use, says Stéphane Kéna-Cohen at École Polytechnique de Montréal in Canada. For example, the shell that protects the fluorescent protein molecules may also prevent it from being powered by an electrical supply like a battery, instead of another laser, he says.

Still, the idea that a polariton laser made out of material derived from nature can work just as well as one with a traditional, highly engineered semiconductor crystal is interesting and surprising, Kéna-Cohen says.

“This is just cool from a fundamental standpoint,” he says.

Journal reference: Science Advances, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600666

Enviado por Ivanice Bezerra
Postado por David Araripe
Fonte: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2101753-fluorescent-jellyfish-proteins-light-up-unconventional-laser/?utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=Echobox&utm_source=Facebook&utm_term=Autofeed&cmpid=SOC%7cNSNS%7c2016-Echobox#link_time=1471647823